Groundwater resources are the main sources of water for agricultural production and livelihoods in rural agglomerations (RA) in northern China. In 2018 and 2020, 44 and 28 sets of various groundwater samples were systematically collected, respectively, to advance scientific research and enhance the management of groundwater resources. The study employed the following research methods: Gibbs diagrams, ion ratio relationships, and multivariate statistical analysis. Additionally, the entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI) method was used to assess and compare groundwater quality, and the nitrate hazard quotient (HQ