The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, had profound global consequences, including significant mortality, economic disruption, and strain on healthcare systems. Romania was also severely affected, with Suceava County being dubbed the "Romanian Lombardy" due to its high infection rates. In response, Romanian researchers actively contributed to scientific literature on COVID-19, producing numerous publications addressing epidemiology, public health policies, and medical treatments. This study aims to analyze Romanian scientific contributions related to COVID-19 using bibliometric methods. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using Web of Science, focusing on publications from Romanian universities, hospitals, and medical organizations. Articles were selected based on relevance to medicine, while non-research publications such as editorials and book reviews were excluded. The study employed VOSviewer (available at https://www.vosviewer.com/) for co-authorship and keyword analysis, alongside CiteSpace (available at https://citespace.podia.com/) for citation burst analysis. Between January 2019 and March 2025, 4,720 COVID-19-related articles with at least one Romanian author were indexed in Web of Science. After applying the inclusion criteria, 336 articles remained. The most productive authors were from Dunărea de Jos University, Galați, and the University of Oradea. Most studies were published in MDPI journals, with predominant research areas including internal medicine, pharmacology, and experimental medicine. Keyword analysis highlighted major research themes such as COVID-19 impact, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and pandemic response. Romanian research significantly influenced public health policies, guiding pandemic management strategies. The crisis accelerated digital healthcare adoption, including telemedicine services. Biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were identified as predictors of COVID-19 severity. Additionally, the pandemic had severe psychological and social consequences, particularly among vulnerable populations. This bibliometric analysis underscores the substantial role of Romanian researchers in the global fight against COVID-19 and the lasting impact of their contributions. Understanding Romania's scientific contribution to COVID-19 literature helps assess the country's research impact, identify strengths in key areas, and highlight opportunities for international collaboration in pandemic-related studies.