PURPOSE: To investigate the associations between urinary enterolignans concentration and oral probiotic ingestion using nationally representative data from the United States population. METHODS: We analyzed dietary recall data and urinary enterolignans concentrations from 12,358 eligible participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. Linear regression models with comprehensive covariate adjustments were employed to assess associations, accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, health status, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Participants with dietary probiotic ingestion had higher urinary concentrations of enterolignans, and probiotic ingestion showed robust and profound positive correlations with enterolignans after fully adjusted with multiple confounders (all CONCLUSION: Dietary probiotic consumption was significantly associated with elevated urinary enterolignans concentrations in the U.S. population, with high-frequency intake demonstrating a stronger dose-response relationship compared to low-frequency consumption.