OBJECTIVE: We previously identified METHODS: In a prospective observational study, 78 infants with PIH who underwent a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion prior to 90 days of age had a positive CSF polymerase chain reaction result for RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 35.7 months, the primary outcome was observed in 42 PP patients (54%) and in 76 PN patients (68%) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 2.45
95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42 to 4.22
P=0.002). PP patients who underwent endoscopic diversion had the worst primary event rate (aHR, 6.47
95% CI, 2.40 to 17.42
P<
0.002). Death from any cause occurred in 16 PP patients (20%) and 9 PN patients (8%) (aHR, 3.47
95% CI, 1.44 to 8.37
P=0.006). Diversion failure occurred in 28 PP patients (36%) and in 29 PN patients (26%) (aHR, 2.24
95% CI, 1.31 to 3.85
P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In this study,