DNA-programmed nanomaterials represent a revolutionary convergence of nanotechnology and molecular biology, offering unprecedented precision in the design and application of functional nanostructures. By leveraging the programmability of DNA base-pairing, molecular recognition, and inherent biocompatibility, researchers have developed diverse DNA-engineered nanomaterials for cutting-edge applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and therapeutic delivery. In this review, we systematically explore the construction and functionalization of DNA-conjugated nanomaterials (