BACKGROUND: The Nod-Like Receptor Pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical sensor of bacterial signals and metabolites, initiating an inflammatory response. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often accompanied by systemic inflammation, which can be involved with gut dysbiosis. Considering this interplay, we aimed to explore the potential association between NLRP3 inflammasome expression and gut microbiota in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). METHODS AND RESULTS: This research comprises a cross-sectional pilot study involving twelve HD patients [59.2 ± 13.4 years, six women, BMI 26.6 ± 3.5 kg/m CONCLUSION: In CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, gut microbiota may be involved in NLRP3 activation and IL-1β expression, contributing to inflammation.