An association between extractivism, food insecurity, and mental health problems has been described in Indigenous peoples. The Brief Solastalgia Scale [BSS] has been proposed as a test to determine the negative emotional experience caused by environmental modification. The aim of the present study was to carry out the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the brief solastalgia scale in two Colombian Indigenous communities with a history of extractivism. Also, to determine the association between spiritual disharmonies and solastalgia in these communities, and to describe the explanation of environmental suffering from the voice of some leaders of these communities. The model used in the validation of BSS was used, after a process of written and oral translation, and cultural adaptation to two Colombian Indigenous communities subjected to extractivism by coal mines [Pueblo Wayuú] and by mercury mines [Embera Dobidá], during 2023 and 2024. Bivariate correlations were also made between suicide risk, emotional problems and food insecurity. The results found an excellent model fit, as well as adequate internal consistency. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the variables. The current study helps to understand the relationship between well-being and extractivism, and also seeks to provide input to researchers, decision-makers and practitioners in communities affected by changes in their environments.