OBJECTIVES: Scabies infestation, caused by the METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from October 2013 to September 2024, extracted from hospital records using ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) codes. Variables included monthly case counts, discharge date, patient age and nationality. All pruritic cases from the emergency department were evaluated in the dermatology unit, with diagnosis confirmed via dermoscopic or microscopic examination. Only first visits were included, excluding follow-up visits or post-therapy controls to avoid duplication. Monthly cases were aggregated to identify annual and seasonal trends. χ RESULTS: A total of 1192 cases were diagnosed. The nationality distribution remained stable, with no significant differences between Italian-born and other nationalities. A significant upward trend in incidence was observed in recent years, with seasonal variation showing higher case counts in February, March and April, and the lowest in July and August. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in scabies cases in recent years and distinct seasonal peaks suggests that environmental and social factors may contribute to transmission in Bologna. Without demographic changes and known drug resistance, factors such as the rise in tourism and suboptimal accommodation conditions may play a role in transmission. Enhanced public health monitoring, awareness and targeted interventions are recommended to manage this trend effectively.