Our recent study revealed that continuous prenatal low-dose-rate irradiation did not induce cellular changes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in male B6C3F1 mice exposed to gamma rays during prenatal development. However, changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), locomotor ability, and mRNA and miRNA expressions in the hippocampus and blood were observed. To investigate potential sex differences in the effects of prenatal gamma irradiation, we conducted a parallel study on female B6C3F1 mice. The results showed significant reductions in the weight of the lungs and left kidney in prenatally irradiated female offspring, accompanied by significantly increased fat deposits in the mesentery, retroperitoneal, and left perigonadal areas. Despite these systemic changes, no cellular alterations were observed in the subgranular zone (immature neurons) or the hilus of the dentate gyrus (mature neurons and glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells). However, significant increases in hippocampal mRNA expression were detected for genes such as