OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder in individuals affected by earthquake. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PTSD in earthquake survivors affected by two earthquakes with magnitudes 7.7 and 7.6, which occurred 9 hr apart in the southeastern part of Turkey on February 6, 2023, with a 1-year follow-up, and to examine possible factors for the diagnosis of PTSD in the first year after the earthquakes. METHOD: The sample consisted of 400 earthquake survivors living in three tent cities in Adıyaman city. The 12th-month follow-up step continued with 153 of 400 earthquake survivors. Each participant completed the PTSD Checklist for the RESULTS: The prevalence of PTSD in earthquake survivors was 44.8% in the first month after the earthquakes, 30.4% in the sixth month, and 19.6% in the 12th month. Rescued from under debris ( CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of PTSD decreased in the first year after the earthquakes, approximately one fifth of earthquake victims still had a diagnosis of PTSD. Rescued from under debris, the death of a relative in debris, and postearthquake higher reexperiencing scores may be associated with a diagnosis of PTSD 1 year after the earthquakes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).