Tiger nuts were enzymatically hydrolyzed by Alcalase and then separated and purified by ultrafiltration classification and Sephadex G-15 fractionation to obtain tiger nut peptides. Their chemical antioxidant activities and cytoprotective functions on HepG2 and Caco-2 cells were systematically evaluated in this study. The tiger nut peptides (TNP) were found to perform excellent antioxidant activity supported by their chemical and cell antioxidant behaviors, amino acid composition, and morphological observation. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH• RSA, 64.05-124.07%) and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 0.17-1.78 μmol/mL) were observed in the TNP with more hydrophobic amino acids (41.77 ± 1.36 g/100 g) compared with traditional soybean and peanut peptides. Furthermore, the peptides from tiger nut (TNP, TNP-4, T1, T2, T3) could effectively protect H