Wood serves as a green biomass material with sustainable utilization and environmental friendliness. The modification of wood can be used to obtain superhydrophobic properties and further expand wood's application range. This paper focuses on the development status of superhydrophobic surfaces with micro-/nanoscale rough structures. Based on the surface wettability theory, this paper introduces common methods of superhydrophobic modification of wood materials, compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, discusses the relationship between the surface microstructure and wettability, and summarizes the applications of superhydrophobic wood in oil-water separation, self-cleaning, and self-healing. Finally, the future development strategies of superhydrophobic coating materials are elucidated to provide basic theoretical support for the synthesis and diverse applications of superhydrophobic wood and a reference for subsequent research and development.