Five new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids (1-5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, and all of them were oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, and their absolute configurations were confirmed through electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All of the compounds were evaluated for their vasorelaxant and anti-inflammatory activities. The results showed that only compound 4 exhibited a vasorelaxant effect against KCl-induced contraction of rat aortic rings, and it achieved a diastolic ratio that exceeded 25 % at a concentration of 25 μM.