Modulation of neuronal networks, primarily through neuropeptides, generates variations in motor patterns that allow organisms to adapt to environmental changes or sensory inputs. Modulation is complex, with receptors for neuromodulators expressed at various locations within a nervous system
neuromodulators can thus alter muscle dynamics peripherally via the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and the muscle itself. The neurogenic cardiac neuromuscular system of the American lobster (