Nitrate reduction in unsaturated zone is critical for preventing groundwater contamination from anthropogenic nitrogen fertilization. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), found in anoxic environments, offers an alternative pathway to denitrification by reducing nitrate while conserving nitrogen. However, the occurrence of DNRA in unsaturated zone remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we conducted numerical simulations to investigate the reactive transport of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) through unsaturated zone under fluctuating groundwater table conditions, with the focus on the competition between denitrification and DNRA. Our results indicate that DNRA typically gets stronger within capillary fringe, with its intensity varying with groundwater table fluctuations. DNRA competes with denitrification, contributing up to 46.33 % of nitrate reduction, especially when groundwater table drops. The strength of DNRA requires comprehensive consideration of the adsorption characteristics, permeability and porosity of vadose zone, and in our study, silty clay loam-with the relatively weaker adsorptive capacity/lower permeability-exhibits the highest DNRA reaction rates and the largest reaction areas, while DNRA in sandy loam may occur during periods when both DON and NO