OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of balloon dilatation combined with stent implantation in the treatment of iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS). METHODS: This research was a retrospective study that enrolled 127 IVCS patients for clinical data. The patients were divided into percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) group ( RESULTS: The stent implantation group exhibited lower postoperative CIVIQ scores than the PTA group, and the stent implantation group (4.60%) had lower complication rate than the PTA group (19.05%). At 2 years of follow-up, the stent implantation group (92.19%) had higher vascular patency rate than the PTA group (79.37%). Villalta scores were lower in the stent implantation group than in the PTA group at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Iliac vein balloon dilatation combined with stent implantation for the treatment of IVCS can improve vessel patency rates, alleviate patients' clinical symptoms, and enhance their quality of life.