INTRODUCTION: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs related to the control of gene expression in biological fluids. Our study analyzed the expression of miRNAs related to inflammation in individuals with PCOS compared to controls. METHODS: Twenty patients with PCOS and 20 controls, matched by body mass index and age, were included in the study. The miRNAs evaluated were miRNA-30c-5p
miRNA-545-3p and miRNA-125a-5p. RESULTS: The expression of the miRNAs was similar between the two groups. A positive correlation was observed between the expression of miRNA-125a-5p and LDLc levels only in the PCOS group. Subsequent analysis of biological pathways showed that miRNA-125a -5p is significantly involved in the regulation of SREBP/SREBF pathways of cholesterol biosynthesis, glycolysis, insulin receptor signaling, oxidative stress-induced senescence and estrogen-dependent gene expression. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the miRNA-125a-5p shows a potential implication to the regulation of lipid biosynthesis and LDL-c levels in PCOS women.