PURPOSE: This study aims to propose a classification system to more accurately understand the features and nature of different CPs, to investigate the correlation between different topographies of CPs and their surgical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 91 surgically resected CPs. They were categorized into six types based on their location and origin. Simultaneously, the patients were divided into four categories based on the degree of pituitary stalk(PS) preservation postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the variables among the different tumor type groups. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients were included. The follow-up data for 59 cases were complete. Tumor volume varied significantly, with the suprasellar-third ventricle type II and ectopic type exhibiting larger volumes (P <
0.05). The choice of surgical approach differed significantly. The recurrence rates were significantly lower for the intrasellar-suprasellar type, suprasellar-third ventricle type II, and third ventricle type (P <
0.05). Patients with intra-stalk tumor growing pattern have a lower degree of PS preservation than those with peri-stalk pattern (P <
0.05). Patients' BMI after surgery was generally higher than before, and the incidence of pituitary dysfunction increased significantly. The proportion of long-term endocrine dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with complete disconnection of PS compared to those with preservation of the PS(P <
0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This system holds significant importance in foretelling the rates of recurrence, alterations in postoperative body weight, long-term endocrine status, and potential complications. Furthermore, this study identified preoperative pituitary function status and specific surgical approaches as potential protective factors.